![]() Health care providers are even using digital real-time video technology platforms to deliver health care in rural and/or resource-limited areas ( 7 8 9 10 11 12) and to remotely diagnose, monitor, or treat medical conditions ranging from orthopedic trauma to neurologic disorders ( 1 10 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21).ĭespite the rapidly growing use of telehealth in clinical care, very few dietary, lifestyle, or pharmaceutical research studies use visual digital communication technologies as a clinical research tool. Hospitals and medical schools now commonly use remote audio- and video-based technologies for instruction and training ( 3 4 5), and many physicians provide video consultations through real-time online consultation platforms such as MDLiveCare and SwiftMD ( 6). Consequently, these technologies have increasingly been integrated into healthcare at a number of levels with positive results ( 2). Since the first generation of digital communications, electronic communication devices have become more affordable and increasingly sophisticated, leading to nearly ubiquitous use of portable internet-connected devices in society ( 1). ![]() Given the capability of video chat technology to reduce participant burden and to outperform other adherence monitoring methods such as dietary self-report and pill counts, video chatting is a novel and highly promising platform to quantify dietary and pill-taking adherence. Survey results from the second study (N=1,076 respondents at least a 5% response rate) indicated that 86.4% of study participants had video chatting hardware, 73.3% were comfortable using the technology and 79.8% were willing to use it for clinical research. 60% p=0.08), with non-significantly higher inter-rater agreement (0.85 vs. However, for pill-taking, non-adherence trended towards being more easily detected in-person than by video chat (77% vs. For the dietary adherence tests, monitors detected 86% of non-adherent events (sensitivity) in-person versus 78% of events via video chat monitoring (p=0.12), with comparable inter-rater agreement (0.88 vs. For the second study, a 22-question online survey was sent to an email listserv with more than 20,000 unique email addresses of past and present study participants to assess the feasibility and acceptability of the technology. ![]() Monitoring was conducted in a crossover design, with two monitors watching in-person and two watching remotely by Skype on a smartphone. Mock study participants ate food items and swallowed pills while performing randomized scripted “cheating” behaviors design to mimic non-adherence. In the first study, we investigated whether video chat technology can accurately quantify adherence to dietary and pill-taking interventions. We conducted a pair of studies to test the validity, reliability, feasibility, and acceptability of using video chat technology as a novel method to quantify dietary and pill-taking (i.e., supplement and medication) adherence.
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